王尔德童话中译本隐含之翻译观与儿童文学观
论文名称: Poetics of Translation and Poetics of Children's Literature in Chinese Translations of Oscar Wilde's Tales
关键词: 王尔德 Oscar Wilde 儿童文学 children's literature 翻译 translation 改写 adaptation 童话 fairy tale 文学教育 literary education
[摘要] 自1909年周作人的〈安乐王子〉发表以来，王尔德在《快乐王子与其它故事》以及《石榴屋》中写的九篇童话百年内已出现近百篇中译。由于民初中国正值新旧文化交替、中西文化交流时期，王尔德的童话于此时被译介进入中国，之后又不断出现新的译本或改写本，显现了该文本特殊的重要性；因此本文针对此一作品做历史性纵向发展之研究，以便探讨 隐藏于这些译文底下翻译观与儿童文学观之转变及影响。本研究主要分三部份讨论王尔德童话的中译本。首先探讨中国最初翻译王尔德作品的背景，再以三个断代时期分析1949年之前各个阶段译文的不同特色；接着整理儿童文学翻译相关理论以及「翻译」与「改写」之间的界线，把重心放在1949年以后在台出版的版本，分成「翻译」与「改写」两大主轴探讨台湾的儿童文学翻译观与儿童文学观。研究发现，由于社会、经济、政治等众多因素的影响，王尔德九篇童话的面貌不断改变：曾经是新知识份子进行文学改革的手段之一，后来成为教育儿童的工具，最后才又因为作者的文采还有作品本身所具备的文学美感受重视，重新回归「文学作品」的地位。而1995年前台湾出版的改写本，由于不太愿意放弃「教育性」的衡量尺度，忽略了作品的「文学性」，所以带给台湾儿童文学较多负面的影响。综合这三部份分析的结果，笔者最后向儿童文学工作者 提出一些个人建议。
[摘要] The nine tales that Oscar Wilde wrote for children had been translated into Chinese for almost a hundred years. Chou Tso-jen's "Happy Prince" in 1909 was the very first translation of all, after which we may see nearly a hundred of Chinese translations and adaptations of the nine tales till today. The time when Wilde's tales were first introduced to the Chinese was the early years of modern China, and it was also the time when Chinese intellectuals welcomed Western civilizations and New Culture Movement, and re-evaluated old traditions. This special timing showed the importance of introducing Wilde's tales to China, and the needs of re-producing it during the following hundred years. Therefore, the thesis is aimed to make a chronological study on the translations of Wilde's tales, in order to find out the poetics of translation and the poetics of children's literature hidden, and to see how they change through the ages or influence the texts. The thesis includes three main parts. First of all, the reasons why China needed to translate Wilde's literary works in the early 20th century are explained, and by dividing this period into three phases, the characteristics of translations of Wilde's tales from 1907 to 1949 are also analyzed. Then the study focuses on the translations and adaptations published in Taiwan after 1949. Researches on translation theories for children's literature help to find how translators and adaptors view or rewrite Wilde's tales. At the end the thesis concludes that social, economic, or political factors had made Wilde's tales three different roles throughout the time: they were once tools of literary revolution for new Chinese intellectuals, once instructions for children to learn proper and correct values, and finally beautiful literary works by a talented writer. Due to the educational elements that Taiwanese children's literature workers insisted to keep in their works before 1995, adaptations of Wilde's tales revealed the negative influence the insistence left on Taiwan children's literature. Literary education was often neglected, and children didn't know how to appreciate literary works or how to enjoy reading. Aiming at the phenomenon, several suggestions are given to be for translators or writers' references.